Plaintiffs claim that from December 6, 2008 through July 31, 2013, Defendants violated the Sherman Act, 15 U.S.C. §1, and conspired and combined to limit the production of raw farm milk through premature “herd retirements” that required dairy farmers who participated in a herd retirement to remove all of the milking cows in their herds and, beginning on April 1, 2009, forego a 10% incentive payment if they wished to reenter the dairy farming business within one year. The Complaint alleges that the principal purpose and effect of this contract, combination and conspiracy has been to eliminate competition, significantly reduce the number of dairy farmers competing in the market and produce both short-term and long-term increases in the prices of butter and cheese. Defendants deny these claims.